Preheat the oven to 350°F. Prepare three 8-inch round baking pans by lining the bottoms with parchment paper and greasing the sides.
In a large mixing bowl, combine the granulated sugar, vegetable oil, eggs, and lemon extract. Beat until well mixed and creamy.
Add the lemon zest, lemon juice, and sour cream. Stir until fully combined.
In a separate bowl, whisk together the all-purpose flour, baking powder, and salt. Gradually add this to the batter, alternating with the buttermilk, mixing gently until smooth.
Gently fold in the blueberries.
Divide the batter evenly among the prepared pans. Bake for 20 to 23 minutes until a toothpick inserted comes out clean.
Let the cakes cool in the pans for about 10 minutes, then transfer to wire racks to cool completely.
Chill your mixing bowl. Beat the mascarpone cheese until smooth, then gradually add the heavy whipping cream, powdered sugar, and vanilla extract until stiff peaks form.